Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

The requirement of reactive oxygen intermediates for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus binding and growth

Ryan D Michalek1, S Troy Pellom, Beth C Holbrook

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Virology
|August 12, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) are crucial for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, impacting viral binding and replication. Inhibiting ROI with antioxidants significantly reduces viral growth and infectivity.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Viruses often induce reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) generation during infection, which influences viral replication.
  • The specific role of ROI in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of ROI to LCMV infection in immortalized BHK-21 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages.
  • To determine the impact of ROI on viral binding, replication, and infectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Cells were infected with LCMV, and intracellular ROI levels were measured.
  • Antioxidants were used to inhibit ROI generation before or after viral infection.
  • Virus binding assays and infectivity studies were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Intracellular ROI levels increased rapidly within 15 minutes of LCMV addition.
  • Antioxidant treatment significantly inhibited LCMV growth at both low and high multiplicities of infection (MOI).
  • ROI were most critical during the early stages of infection, with diminished effects when antioxidants were applied after 6 hours post-infection.
  • Antioxidant treatment inhibited viral binding, and thiol modification of the virus eliminated its infectivity.

Conclusions:

  • ROI are essential regulators of LCMV binding and replication.
  • Targeting ROI presents a potential strategy for controlling LCMV and related viral infections.

More Related Videos

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses11:48

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Published on: April 4, 2019

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses11:34

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...