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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

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Published on: September 20, 2018

Epigenetics? Mediator does that too!

Sohail Malik1, Robert G Roeder

  • 1Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. maliks@rockefeller.edu

Molecular Cell
|August 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mediator proteins, acting as an integrative hub, can now be understood to promote gene silencing. This epigenetic mechanism involves the recruitment of the G9a methyl transferase by Mediator.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The Mediator complex is a large transcriptional co-activator that integrates signals from gene-specific transcription factors to regulate RNA polymerase II activity.
  • Previous research established Mediator's role as an "integrative hub" in gene transcription.

Discussion:

  • This study reveals a novel function for Mediator beyond transcriptional activation, implicating it in epigenetic gene silencing.
  • Mediator facilitates the recruitment of the G9a methyl transferase, a key enzyme in establishing heterochromatin.

Key Insights:

  • Mediator directly promotes epigenetic silencing of specific genes.
  • The recruitment of G9a methyl transferase by Mediator is a critical step in this silencing pathway.
  • This finding expands the known regulatory roles of the Mediator complex in gene expression.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into Mediator's role in epigenetic modifications could uncover new therapeutic targets for diseases involving aberrant gene silencing.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of Mediator-G9a interaction may shed light on the regulation of chromatin structure and gene accessibility.