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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

Aberrant prothymosin-alpha expression in human bladder cancer.

Yuh-Shyan Tsai¹, Yeong-Chin Jou, Gia-Fong Lee

¹Institute of Clinical Medicine, University Hospital and Douliou Branch, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.

|August 12, 2008

Summary

Prothymosin-alpha (PTMA) is increased in human bladder cancer. PTMA expression patterns differ in high-grade tumors, suggesting a role in bladder cancer progression that warrants further study.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Prothymosin-alpha (PTMA) is a nuclear protein involved in cell proliferation and differentiation.
Aberrant protein expression is a hallmark of cancer, but PTMA's role in bladder cancer is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate prothymosin-alpha (PTMA) expression levels and patterns in human bladder cancer tissues.
To compare PTMA expression in tumor tissues versus adjacent normal bladder tissues.

Main Methods:

Tissue microarrays of 50 bladder tumors and 42 paired normal adjacent tissues were analyzed.
Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect PTMA expression.
Quantitative image analysis measured integrated optical density for PTMA immunoreactivity.

Main Results:

PTMA expression was significantly increased in bladder tumors compared to normal adjacent tissues (P < .0001).
91.7% of transitional cell carcinomas showed positive PTMA expression (nuclear, cytoplasmic, or mixed).
A significant correlation was observed between high tumor grade and mixed PTMA expression patterns (P = 0.0020).

Conclusions:

Human bladder cancers exhibit elevated PTMA expression compared to normal tissues.
PTMA expression distribution is altered in high-grade bladder tumors.
The aberrant expression of PTMA in bladder cancer warrants further clinical investigation.