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Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

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[German ophthalmologists and NSDAP]].

Jens Martin Rohrbach¹

¹Department für Augenheilkunde/ Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen. Martin.Rohrbach@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Sudhoffs Archiv

|August 13, 2008

Summary

Ophthalmologists joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) at rates similar to other physicians, with academic leaders more likely to join than private practitioners. Motivations varied, influenced by career prospects and historical events.

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Area of Science:

Medical History
Sociology of Professions
National Socialism

Background:

Investigates the political affiliations of German ophthalmologists during the National Socialist era.
Examines the extent of membership in the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) among physicians.
Addresses the debate surrounding the motivations for high physician participation in the NSDAP.

Observation:

University eye hospital directors (chairmen) showed increasing NSDAP membership: 23% in 1933 to 48% by 1938-1943.
Approximately 30% of ophthalmologists in private practice were NSDAP members.
Membership registration was temporarily halted by the NSDAP between May 1933 and May 1937.

Findings:

The majority of ophthalmologist NSDAP members were born between 1880-1900, experiencing WWI and its aftermath.
The "Law for the prevention of genetically disabled offsprings" divided ophthalmologists on sterilization, with both proponents and opponents including NSDAP members.
Ophthalmologists' engagement with the NSDAP and regime loyalty mirrored that of the general German physician population.

Implications:

Ophthalmology, while seemingly less political than other medical fields during the NS-era, exhibited similar patterns of party membership.
Career advancement likely motivated academic ophthalmologists' party affiliation.
The study contributes to understanding the complex relationship between medical professionals and political regimes.