Keeping checkpoint kinases in line: new selective inhibitors in clinical trials

Susan Ashwell1, James W Janetka, Sonya Zabludoff

  • 1AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA. Susan.Ashwell@astrazeneca.com

Abstract

Insights

Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitors enhance cancer therapy by sensitizing tumors to DNA-damaging agents. These Chk1 inhibitors show promise in preclinical models and are advancing into clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a key regulator of cell cycle progression and DNA-damage response.
  • Chk1 inhibitors sensitize tumors to DNA-damaging agents and improve efficacy in preclinical cancer models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and contrast the preclinical profiles of advanced Chk1 inhibitors.
  • To discuss opportunities and challenges in Chk1 inhibitor-based cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of publications and presentations on specific Chk1 inhibitors: XL-844, AZD7762, and PF-477736.

Main Results:

  • Chk kinases are integral to DNA damage response pathways, making them attractive therapeutic targets.
  • Preclinical data strongly support Chk1 inhibitors as tumor-specific potentiating agents with broad therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting Chk kinases represents a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
  • Advanced Chk1 inhibitors are progressing to Phase I clinical trials, indicating significant therapeutic potential.

Related Concept Videos

Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Inhibition of CDK Activity02:34

Inhibition of CDK Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...