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Dementia and dysphagia.

Caryn S Easterling1, Elizabeth Robbins

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.)
|August 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Dysphagia (swallowing disorders) affects 40-50% of older adults in long-term care and 45% of dementia patients, leading to serious health issues. Evidence-based practices are crucial for managing dysphagia in individuals with dementia.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The aging population is growing, with over 12% of the US population over 65 in 2004, projected to reach 20% by 2030.
  • Dysphagia (swallowing disorders) prevalence in older adults ranges from 7% to 22%, increasing to 40%-50% in long-term care facilities.
  • Dysphagia is common in individuals with neurologic disease and dementia, potentially causing dehydration, malnutrition, and aspiration pneumonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe evidence-based practices for the evaluation and management of dysphagia in individuals with dementia.
  • To address the high prevalence of dysphagia in the growing elderly and dementia populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dysphagia in dementia.
  • Synthesis of evidence-based practices for clinical application.

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Main Results:

  • Dysphagia prevalence is significantly higher in institutionalized dementia patients (estimated 45%) compared to the general older population.
  • Age-related changes and neuropathology contribute to dysphagia in dementia.
  • Behavioral, sensory, or motor problems can cause dysphagia.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management strategies are needed for dysphagia in dementia patients.
  • Guidelines for evaluation and evidence-based care are essential for this vulnerable population.