Basidiobolomycosis: a rare case report.

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Medical Mycology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by entomophthoralean fungi, primarily Basidiobolus ranarum.
• This infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, often presenting in subcutaneous or gastrointestinal forms.
• Nasal and sinonasal involvement is exceptionally rare, particularly in pediatric cases.

Observation:

• An 11-year-old girl from Northeast India presented with chronic bilateral nasal obstruction and discharge lasting seven to eight months.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinuses revealed extensive polypoidal masses involving all sinuses.
• The CT scan also indicated an extradural extension of the mass, suggesting significant local invasion.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination of the sinus tissue biopsy was crucial for diagnosis.
• Microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of Basidiobolus ranarum as the causative agent.
• The combination of clinical presentation, imaging, and laboratory findings established the diagnosis of sinonasal basidiobolomycosis.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering rare fungal infections in the differential diagnosis of chronic sinonasal conditions, especially in endemic areas.
• Early and accurate diagnosis through histopathology and mycology is critical for effective management and preventing complications.
• Further research into the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of basidiobolomycosis, particularly sinonasal forms, is warranted to improve patient outcomes.