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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

Acute liver failure in Lithuania.

Dalia Adukauskiene1, Ilona Dockiene, Rima Naginiene

  • 1Department of Intensive Care, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania. daliaadu@gmail.com

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|August 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Acute liver failure (ALF) in Lithuania is primarily caused by viral hepatitis B, drug-induced injury, and indeterminate causes. Severe coagulopathy and metabolic acidosis predict poor outcomes in non-transplanted patients.

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Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Transplantation Surgery

Background:

  • Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition with high mortality, often leading to cerebral edema and multi-organ dysfunction.
  • Etiologies and risk factors for ALF are well-documented globally, but data from Central and Eastern European countries remain scarce.
  • Understanding ALF in Lithuania is crucial for improving patient outcomes in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary causes of ALF in Lithuania.
  • To analyze the outcomes and prognostic factors for ALF patients.
  • To identify predictors of mortality in ALF.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study included 28 consecutive ALF patients admitted to a tertiary care center in Lithuania between 1996 and 2004.
  • ALF was defined by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and prothrombin international normalized ratio (INR) >1.5.
  • Survival rates and risk factors for death were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The most common causes of ALF were acute viral hepatitis B (21.4%), drug-induced hepatitis (21.4%), and indeterminate hepatitis (17.9%).
  • Survival rates varied significantly among patients eligible for liver transplantation (LT), those with contraindications, and those not meeting urgent LT criteria (11.1%, 16.7%, and 69.2%, respectively).
  • Independent predictors of lethal outcome in non-transplanted ALF patients were prothrombin INR >3.24 and serum pH ≤7.29.

Conclusions:

  • Acute viral hepatitis B, drug-induced liver injury, and indeterminate hepatitis are the leading causes of ALF in Lithuania.
  • Severe coagulopathy and metabolic acidosis are significant predictors of mortality in non-transplanted ALF patients.
  • Enhancing the liver donation system for urgent liver transplantation is vital for improving ALF patient survival.