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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters01:27

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters

A drug's nonlinear kinetics can be influenced by a diverse range of transporter proteins that serve as crucial players in drug distribution. These transporters, found within cells, can enhance or reduce local drug concentrations by facilitating the influx or efflux of drugs. For instance, the expression of xenobiotic transporters can be influenced by factors such as age and gender, potentially impacting the linearity of drug response.
Polymorphisms occurring in drug transporters can alter...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration01:29

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
09:16

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Published on: June 30, 2018

Urea transporters and renal function: lessons from knockout mice.

Robert A Fenton1

  • 1Water and Salt Research Center, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. ROFE@ana.au.dk

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|August 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Studies using gene knockout mice reveal that kidney urea transporters are crucial for concentrating urine and conserving water. Different urea transporters play distinct roles in maintaining kidney function and urine concentration.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Urea transporters are critical for kidney function.
  • Understanding their roles is key to comprehending urinary concentrating mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review insights from gene knockout mouse studies on urea transporters.
  • To elucidate the function of UT-A1, UT-A3, UT-A2, and UT-B in kidney physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of gene knockout mice for specific urea transporters (UT-A1, UT-A3, UT-A2, UT-B).
  • Analysis of urinary concentrating ability and kidney function in these models.

Main Results:

  • Collecting duct urea transporters (UT-A1/UT-A3) are essential for inner medullary urea accumulation.
  • These transporters prevent osmotic diuresis, aiding water conservation.
  • UT-B deletion significantly impacts urinary concentration more than UT-A2 deletion.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple urea transport pathways are vital for maximal urine concentration.
  • Targeting urea transporters offers potential therapeutic avenues for kidney disorders.