Characterization and gene expression analysis of novel matched primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma cell lines

Despite recent advances in molecular biology that have clarified the mechanisms involved in the metastasis of several types of cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Two RCC cell lines were successfully established from the surgical specimens of a matched primary tumor and adrenal metastasis from the same RCC patient, and were designated as TMK-1P and TMK-1M, respectively. Extensive characterization was accomplished using various methods, including the Matrigel invasion assay, DNA microarray analysis and real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). While TMK-1P grew faster than TMK-1M, the invasive ability of TMK-1M was higher than that of TMK-1P. DNA microarray analysis showed a large differential expression of genes related to cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix molecules of which hexabrachion (tenascin-C), epidermal growth factor receptor, cadherin-6, and beta1-catenin were down-regulated, and the 67 kDa laminin receptor 1 and transforming growth factor-beta-induced 68 kDa protein (betaig-h3) were up-regulated in TMK-1M. Real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed this differential gene expression between the two cell lines. The RCC cell lines may be useful in studying tumor invasion and screening markers for metastasis.