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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart beats)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Masked hypertension: a systematic review.

Guillaume Bobrie1, Pierre Clerson, Joël Ménard

  • 1Hypertension Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. guillaume.bobrie@egp.aphp.fr

Journal of Hypertension
|August 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Masked hypertension, where blood pressure is normal at the clinic but high at home, increases cardiovascular risk. Early identification and management are crucial but challenging due to unclear definitions and treatment guidelines.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Masked hypertension is a condition where individuals exhibit normal blood pressure in clinical settings but elevated readings outside of the clinic.
  • This condition is often undiagnosed and may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
  • The prevalence and clinical significance of masked hypertension are areas of ongoing research and debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review on masked hypertension.
  • To perform a meta-analysis of existing cohort studies to evaluate the prognosis of masked hypertension.
  • To identify and discuss unresolved questions regarding the definition, diagnosis, and management of masked hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature searches were performed using PubMed, Pascal BioMed, and Cochrane databases.
  • Included studies were reviews, editorials, and cohort studies focusing on masked hypertension.
  • A meta-analysis was conducted on six cohort studies that provided quantitative data on masked hypertension prognosis.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of masked hypertension is estimated between 8% and 20%, potentially reaching 50% in treated hypertensive patients.
  • Individuals with masked hypertension face a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular events (Hazard Ratio: 1.92).
  • This elevated risk may stem from underdiagnosis, associated risk factors, and target organ damage.

Conclusions:

  • Masked hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, necessitating further investigation into its clinical entity status.
  • Challenges remain in defining, identifying, and effectively treating masked hypertension, particularly in the absence of population-wide screening and randomized trials.
  • Further research is required to establish clear diagnostic criteria and evidence-based treatment strategies for masked hypertension.