New methods in laboratory diagnostics of dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a multifactorial heart disease in which there is enlargement and systolic dysfunction of one or both ventricles. The exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms leads to symptoms of congestive heart failure, which is a significant problem in contemporary cardiology. DCM is still diagnosed using clinical assessment; echocardiography is necessary, and in some clinical situations we need hemodynamic assessment in order to identify the etiology and progression of heart disease. These tests are necessary for choice of treatment and qualification for heart transplant. Investigators are looking for new, valuable, additional parameters which could be of use in screening and heart disease progression assessment, and which may be helpful in the management and risk stratification of patients with DCM. These monitoring and prognostic tools in patients with chronic heart failure can be biomarkers, such as natriuretic peptides: BNP and NT-proBNP, cardiac troponins or inflammatory cytokines and their receptors. Moreover, there are ongoing research projects concerning persistently elevated uric acid, Ca-125 and osteopontin concentrations for the identification of patients with DCM, as well as adverse prognoses.