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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

High throughput synthesis of polyesters using entropically driven ring-opening polymerizations.

Stephen D Kamau1, Philip Hodge, Richard T Williams

  • 1Chemistry Department, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M139Pl, UK.

Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry
|August 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High throughput synthesis of copolyesters was achieved using entropically driven ring-opening polymerizations (ED-ROPs). This method efficiently produces condensation-type polymers with large repeat units, offering a valuable addition to polymer synthesis techniques.

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional polymer synthesis methods can be time-consuming and challenging for certain polymer types.
  • High throughput (HT) synthesis offers a way to accelerate discovery and optimization of polymer materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high throughput method for synthesizing copolyesters using entropically driven ring-opening polymerizations (ED-ROPs).
  • To evaluate the efficiency and applicability of ED-ROPs for producing condensation-type polymers with large repeat units.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized macrocyclic oligoesters heated neat at 250-300°C for 2 hours with di-n-butyltin oxide or tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate catalyst.
  • Employed a 36-well aluminum reaction block within a cylindrical Buchi oven for HT synthesis.
  • Investigated ED-ROPs for esters derived from aliphatic/aromatic acids and alcohols, and explored copolymer synthesis from homopolymer mixtures.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high yields of copolyesters on a ~90 mg scale with molecular weights (Mw) typically >25,000 and polydispersity indices near 2.0.
  • Demonstrated successful synthesis for esters derived from aliphatic or aromatic acids and alcohols.
  • Found that copolymer synthesis by mixing homopolymers was generally unsuccessful due to poor miscibility.

Conclusions:

  • Entropically driven ring-opening polymerizations provide an efficient HT method for synthesizing condensation-type copolyesters.
  • The developed HT approach is a valuable tool for accelerating the discovery of new polymer materials.
  • Further research may be needed to overcome miscibility issues for copolymer synthesis from pre-formed homopolymers.