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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

Whispering-gallery mode resonators: Surface enhanced Raman scattering without plasmons.

Logan K Ausman¹, George C Schatz

¹Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|August 14, 2008

Summary

This study calculates electric field enhancements in dielectric microspheres using Mie theory, finding significant surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) factors up to 10^8 for single-molecule detection.

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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Area of Science:

Nanophotonics
Spectroscopy
Computational Electromagnetics

Background:

Whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in dielectric microspheres create localized electric fields.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) relies on electromagnetic field enhancement for sensitive molecular detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To calculate electric field enhancements and SERS enhancement factors for molecules near dielectric microspheres.
To investigate the role of WGMs and sphere properties on SERS signals.
To identify conditions for single-molecule SERS detection.

Main Methods:

Mie theory calculations were extended to include dipole-sphere interactions.
Electric field enhancements were determined for microspheres with varying radii and refractive indices.
SERS enhancement factors were computed for incident and Raman-scattered light, considering WGM resonances.

Main Results:

Maximum SERS enhancement factors of 10^3-10^4 were observed when incident light excited WGMs.
Factors up to 10^8 were achieved when both incident and Raman-shifted light were on resonance.
Enhancement factors were inversely proportional to resonance width, influenced by mode number and order.

Conclusions:

Dielectric microspheres can achieve significant SERS enhancement, enabling sensitive molecular detection.
Optimizing WGM excitation is crucial for maximizing SERS signals.
Conditions for feasible single-molecule and few-molecule SERS measurements were identified.