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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

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In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

Microwave spectrometer for saturated absorption experiments.

J Legrand1, B Ségard, A Krosta

  • 1Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne, Associe au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Lille I, Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 1, 1978
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new millimeter-wave spectrometer for Doppler-free saturated absorption spectroscopy. This instrument achieves ultra-narrow spectral linewidths, significantly reducing Doppler broadening for precise molecular measurements.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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Published on: September 2, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) Physics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Electronics

Background:

  • Doppler broadening limits spectral resolution in molecular spectroscopy.
  • High-resolution spectroscopy is crucial for understanding molecular properties and interactions.
  • Millimeter-wave spectroscopy offers unique insights into molecular rotational and vibrational states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and construct a novel spectrometer for Doppler-free saturated absorption experiments in the millimeter-wave range.
  • To achieve spectral linewidths significantly narrower than the Doppler width.
  • To enable advanced spectroscopic techniques utilizing strong electric fields.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a plane-cylindrical resonator spectrometer operating between 30-300 GHz.
  • Implementation of Stark plates for applying strong electric fields (up to 2500 V/cm).
  • Observation of inverted Lamb-dips using Doppler-free saturated absorption spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Achieved inverted Lamb-dips at 115 GHz with linewidths 25 times below the Doppler width.
  • Demonstrated the capability of applying strong Stark fields for advanced spectroscopic studies.
  • Successfully performed Stark tuned Lamb-dip, level-crossing, and mode-crossing experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed spectrometer enables high-precision millimeter-wave spectroscopy with significantly reduced Doppler broadening.
  • The apparatus facilitates novel experiments utilizing Stark fields, opening new avenues in molecular physics.
  • This technology has potential applications in fundamental physics research and molecular characterization.