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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
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Interfacing a microcomputer with the Varian EM-360 NMR spectrometer.

J R Wright1

  • 1Department of Physical Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, Oklahoma 74701.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 1, 1978
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a cost-effective microcomputer interface for NMR spectrometers, enabling advanced signal processing and multiple analytical capabilities beyond basic signal averaging.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Computational Instrumentation

Background:

  • Commercially available NMR signal enhancement devices (Computers of Average Transients - CAT) are expensive and lack application flexibility.
  • The emergence of 8-bit microprocessor-based computational devices offers a more economical and versatile alternative for NMR signal processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the practical implementation of interfacing an Altair 8800B microcomputer with a Varian EM-360 1H-NMR spectrometer.
  • To demonstrate the creation of an intelligent NMR instrument with enhanced capabilities through microcomputer integration.

Main Methods:

  • Interfacing an Altair 8800B microcomputer with a Varian EM-360 1H-NMR spectrometer.
  • Developing programmable functionalities using high-level language (8k BASIC) for advanced data acquisition and analysis.

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  • Implementing multiple operating modes including repetitive scan CAT, difference spectrometry, kinetic NMR, and T1/T2 analysis.
  • Main Results:

    • A programmable NMR system with 4096 point (12-bit) field resolution was successfully developed.
    • Multiple advanced operating modes were implemented, including conventional spectrum acquisition, repetitive scan CAT, difference spectrometry, kinetic NMR, progressive saturation analysis, and INDOR.
    • The system provides graphic output, magnetic data storage, and immediate data reduction capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • Microcomputer interfacing offers a superior, economical, and flexible alternative to traditional NMR signal enhancement devices.
    • The developed system transforms a standard NMR spectrometer into an intelligent instrument capable of diverse analytical applications.
    • Further development, including user-defined machine language routines, is underway for expanded capabilities like correlation spectrometry.