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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Highly sensitive microwave temperature-jump apparatus.

J Aubard1, J M Nozeran, P Levoir

  • 1Institut de Topologie et Dynamique des Systemes (GETIA) de l'Universite Paris VII, associe au CNRS, 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 Paris, France.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|January 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel microwave heating apparatus for rapid temperature-jump experiments. The system achieves high sensitivity and speed, enabling the study of fast chemical equilibria.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Fast chemical reactions and equilibria require specialized techniques for kinetic studies.
  • Traditional methods may lack the speed or sensitivity to capture rapid dynamic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new temperature-jump apparatus utilizing repetitive microwave heating.
  • To demonstrate its capability in studying fast prototropic equilibria in pyrimidine base solutions.

Main Methods:

  • A flow microcell apparatus with repetitive microwave heating (1.5 µs jumps) and spectrophotometric detection.
  • On-line signal accumulation using a PDP 11 processor for enhanced sensitivity (better than 10⁻⁴ OD units).
  • Nonlinear identification for processing noisy, blurred signals.

Main Results:

  • Achieved temperature jumps of 1.5°C in 1.5 µs (with options for 0.5 and 0.25 µs).
  • High repetition rate up to 50 Hz with rapid signal accumulation (1000+ signals in <50 s).
  • Demonstrated successful study of fast prototropic equilibria in aqueous pyrimidine base solutions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed temperature-jump apparatus offers high speed and sensitivity for kinetic studies.
  • It is effective for analyzing rapid chemical equilibria, even with noisy data.
  • This technique advances the study of fast dynamic processes in chemical systems.