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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.

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NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements
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Adjustable phase device for low-frequency NMR experiments.

K Weyand1, E Simon, Y Leuchter

  • 1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of GermanyTechnion, Haifa, Israel.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|December 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new phase displacing device enables precise bridge balancing for detecting low-level Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals. This advancement improves signal detection accuracy across a wide frequency range.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy
  • Physics

Background:

  • Detecting low-level Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals is crucial for various scientific applications.
  • Traditional bridge methods often face challenges with precise balancing over a broad frequency range.
  • Phase instability can significantly impact the sensitivity and accuracy of NMR signal detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel phase displacing device for enhanced low-level NMR signal detection.
  • To achieve precise bridge balancing over a decade frequency range using voltage addition principles.
  • To improve the stability and accuracy of NMR measurements.

Main Methods:

  • A phase displacing device was designed based on the principle of voltage addition.
  • Analogous multiplier devices were employed for control and adjustment circuits.
  • The device's performance was evaluated for phase adjustment accuracy and output amplitude stability.

Main Results:

  • Precise bridge balancing was achieved over a one-decade frequency range (10-100 kHz).
  • The phase adjustment of the output voltage was maintained within +/-3 degrees.
  • Output amplitude was stabilized to within 2% for input voltages between 0.1-1 V across all phase displacements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed phase displacing device effectively facilitates precise bridge balancing for low-level NMR signal detection.
  • The device demonstrates robust performance in phase and amplitude stability over the tested frequency and voltage ranges.
  • This technology offers a significant improvement for sensitive NMR measurements.