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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...

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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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Frequency-crossing phonon spectrometer techniques.

M N Wybourne1, D J Jefferies, L J Challis

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|December 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new alternating current (ac) technique significantly improves magnetothermal conductivity measurements. This method offers a 13-fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio compared to direct current (dc) methods, enhancing data accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of magnetothermal conductivity is crucial for understanding heat transport in magnetic materials.
  • Conventional direct current (dc) techniques often suffer from low signal-to-noise ratios, limiting their sensitivity and applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel alternating current (ac) technique for measuring magnetothermal conductivities.
  • To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for more precise measurements.

Main Methods:

  • The study introduces an ac technique utilizing frequency crossing.
  • This method incorporates low-frequency field modulation and phase-sensitive detection.
  • Optimization involves modulation over the half-width of the frequency crossing signal.

Main Results:

  • The developed ac technique demonstrates a 13-fold increase in SNR compared to conventional dc techniques.
  • Modulation over the frequency crossing signal's half-width yields a 45-fold SNR improvement.
  • Potential for a further threefold SNR increase exists with higher modulation frequencies and technical advancements.

Conclusions:

  • The novel ac technique offers a substantial improvement in measuring magnetothermal conductivity.
  • The method provides enhanced sensitivity and a lower limit of detection.
  • This advancement has implications for materials characterization and thermal transport studies.