Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as the...
Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and mortality following lung transplantation.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2017
Same author

Psychosocial Predictors of Mortality Following Lung Transplantation.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2015
Same author

Changes in neurocognitive functioning following lung transplantation.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2012
Same author

Cardiovascular disease risk, vascular health and erectile dysfunction among middle-aged, clinically depressed men.

International journal of impotence research·2009
Same author

Interaction of acetylene and cyanide with the resting state of nitrogenase alpha-96-substituted MoFe proteins.

Biochemistry·2001
Same author

High-frequency and field EPR investigation of (8,12-diethyl-2,3,7,13,17,18-hexamethylcorrolato)manganese(III).

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2001
Same journal

Fiber-optic triggering of a two-stage high-current linear transformer driver with laser energy below 100 μJ.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Optimization of laboratory-scale x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) apparatus for nuclear fuel research.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Compressed multi-scale entropy and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Bidirectional drive and multi-resolution adjustment across frequency bands in inertial impact piezoelectric motors via multimodal resonant vibration.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

A magnetic field sensor based on flaky Terfenol-D material and dual fiber grating.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

A novel E-field eight-way cavity combiner for high-power S-band applications.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe
07:28

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

Versatile four-probe ac conductivity measurement system.

T E Phillips1, J R Anderson, C J Schramm

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Material Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new four-probe AC conductivity measurement system allows precise conductance readings from 10^-8 to 10^-5 S. This system minimizes errors and simplifies the routine measurement of material conductivity.

More Related Videos

Active Probe Atomic Force Microscopy with Quattro-Parallel Cantilever Arrays for High-Throughput Large-Scale Sample Inspection
05:04

Active Probe Atomic Force Microscopy with Quattro-Parallel Cantilever Arrays for High-Throughput Large-Scale Sample Inspection

Published on: June 13, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe
07:28

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

Active Probe Atomic Force Microscopy with Quattro-Parallel Cantilever Arrays for High-Throughput Large-Scale Sample Inspection
05:04

Active Probe Atomic Force Microscopy with Quattro-Parallel Cantilever Arrays for High-Throughput Large-Scale Sample Inspection

Published on: June 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate electrical conductivity measurements are crucial for material characterization.
  • Traditional methods can suffer from errors like phase shift and attenuation.
  • A need exists for a robust and user-friendly conductivity measurement system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the design of a novel four-probe AC conductivity measurement system.
  • To enable precision conductance measurements across a specific range and frequency.
  • To simplify the routine measurement of material conductivity with minimal operator input.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a four-probe setup for AC conductivity measurements.
  • Employed driven coaxial shields to mitigate signal errors.
  • Incorporated a controlled current source for enhanced accuracy.
  • Operated within the frequency range of 20 to 200 Hz.

Main Results:

  • Achieved precision conductance measurements in the range of 10^-8 to 10^-5 Siemens (S).
  • Successfully eliminated phase shift and attenuation errors through system design.
  • Demonstrated the system's capability for routine conductivity measurements on diverse materials.

Conclusions:

  • The designed four-probe system offers a reliable method for precise AC conductivity measurements.
  • The system's design effectively minimizes common measurement errors.
  • It facilitates routine conductivity analysis, reducing operator dependency.