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Related Concept Videos

Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes01:25

Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes

Understanding fluid flow behavior through pipes is critical in fluid mechanics, especially in applications like oil transportation through pipelines. Hagen-Poiseuille's law provides an exact solution derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, incompressible, and laminar flow within a circular pipe. Hagen-Poiseuille's law helps determine the necessary pressure drop across a pipeline section by determining parameters like pipe length, radius, oil viscosity, and the desired volumetric...
General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor
13:29

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor

Published on: December 15, 2018

Qualitative and quantitative flow visualization technique using ozone.

R R Dickerson1, D H Stedman

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Abor, Michigan 48109, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|June 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel flow visualization technique uses ultraviolet light absorption by ozone to image gas flows. This method allows for quantitative measurements of ozone concentration in real-time.

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Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods
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Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

Published on: October 31, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor
13:29

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor

Published on: December 15, 2018

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods
09:17

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Published on: April 23, 2018

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)
09:22

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

Published on: October 31, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Atmospheric chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate flow visualization is crucial for understanding fluid dynamics.
  • Ozone (O3) possesses unique absorption properties in the ultraviolet spectrum.
  • Existing flow visualization methods may lack quantitative capabilities or real-time monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new flow visualization technique utilizing ozone's UV absorption.
  • To demonstrate the capability for quantitative photometry of gas flows.
  • To enable high-speed, quantitative monitoring of trace gas concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Employing ozone as a tracer gas due to its physical similarity to air.
  • Utilizing a mercury lamp (253.7 nm) and a fluorescent screen for shadow-like imaging.
  • Implementing ultraviolet detectors for quantitative photometry and path-integrated column density measurements.
  • Integrating capillary probes and chemiluminescent analysis for high-speed point monitoring.

Main Results:

  • A sharp, shadow-like image of the ozone-traced flow is cast on a screen.
  • Quantitative photometry provides path-integrated ozone column density.
  • High-speed monitoring (10 Hz at 10 ppb O3) is achievable.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique offers a sensitive and quantitative method for flow visualization.
  • Ozone's UV absorption provides a robust tracer for fluid dynamics studies.
  • The method supports both imaging and real-time quantitative measurements of gas flows.