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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Torsional Pendulum01:09

Torsional Pendulum

A torsional pendulum involves the oscillation of a rigid body in which the restoring force is provided by the torsion in the string from which the rigid body is suspended. Ideally, the string should be massless; practically, its mass is much smaller than the rigid body's mass and is neglected.
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played by the...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
10:36

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Magnetic shielding in a low-temperature torsion pendulum experiment.

P R Phillips1

  • 1Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|August 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary

This study details a novel ether drift experiment using a torsion pendulum at low temperatures to search for anomalous torques. It significantly reduces magnetic fields, enhancing sensitivity for detecting subtle physical effects.

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Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
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Area of Science:

  • Experimental physics
  • Fundamental physics

Background:

  • Ether drift experiments historically sought to detect motion relative to a luminiferous ether.
  • Previous experiments faced challenges with magnetic field interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new experimental setup for detecting anomalous torques on a permanent magnet.
  • To improve sensitivity in ether drift searches by minimizing magnetic field disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a torsion pendulum operating at liquid helium temperatures.
  • Employed superconducting cylinders (lead and Nb-Sn) for magnetic field shielding.
  • Developed techniques to reduce Earth's magnetic field and the magnet's field.

Main Results:

  • Achieved reduction of Earth's magnetic field below 10(-4) Gauss.
  • Reduced the effective magnetic moment of the test magnet by a factor of 7 x 10(4).

Conclusions:

  • The described techniques enable unprecedented magnetic field reduction for sensitive physics experiments.
  • This setup provides a highly sensitive platform for searching for anomalous torques and testing fundamental physics theories.