Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026
05:12
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
Published on: June 23, 2023
Alcohol outlet density, perceived availability and adolescent alcohol use: a multilevel structural equation model
E Kuntsche1, H Kuendig, G Gmel
1Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems (SIPA), Research Department, PO Box 870, CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland. ekuntsche@sfa-ispa.ch
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
|August 15, 2008
Summary
Adolescent alcohol use is linked to perceived alcohol availability, influenced by social factors and community alcohol outlet density. Prevention efforts should address social norms and physical access to alcohol.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Adolescent Psychology
Background:
- Perceived alcohol availability is a known correlate of adolescent alcohol consumption.
- Factors influencing adolescents' perceptions of alcohol availability remain underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between perceived alcohol availability and adolescents' social environment and community alcohol outlet density.
- To investigate the association between adolescent alcohol use and perceived availability, social environment, and outlet density.
Main Methods:
- Multilevel structural equation modeling was employed.
- Data from a national representative sample of 6,183 adolescents (8th and 9th graders) in 254 Swiss communities were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Social environment characteristics (e.g., peer/sibling drinking, unsupervised outings) and on-premises outlet density were associated with perceived alcohol availability.
- Adolescent alcohol use increased with social environment permissiveness and perceived availability.
- Community perceived availability and on-premises outlet density correlated with drinking volume, but not frequency of risky drinking occasions.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents' social and physical environments shape perceived alcohol availability and drinking volume.
- Perceived availability may lead adolescents to believe underage drinking is common and accepted.
- Preventive strategies should consider social norms and the physical availability of alcohol.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:32Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
01:09Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model
Drug response models describe how pharmacological agents interact with biological systems to produce measurable effects. Baseline responses are inherent physiological activities without a drug significantly influencing the observed pharmacological outcomes. Depending on the drug response model employed, these baseline responses may combine with the drug's effect in either an additive or proportional manner.Additive Drug Response ModelIn the additive model, the drug effect is independent of the...
01:03Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation
Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the intensity of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum is weak or sometimes absent. The fragmentation patterns for alcohols occur in two ways, i.e. ⍺-cleavage and dehydration. During ⍺-cleavage, the bond at the ⍺-position adjacent to the hydroxyl group cleaves to give a resonance-stabilized cation and a radical. However, intramolecular dehydration...
02:23Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols
Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
01:16Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
H0: The two variables (factors)...