Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early multimodal predictors of good neurological outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest: a prospective single-center cohort study.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Systematic ergonomic evaluation of an active back-support exoskeleton.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same author

Autoantibody-mediated disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Journal of neuroimmunology·2026
Same author

First demyelinating attack in children: A twelve year single center cohort.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

EBV Early Lytic Antigens, EBNA2 and PDL-1, in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Brain: A Coordinated Contribution to Viral Immune Evasion.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Primary prophylaxis of seizures in post-hemorrhagic stroke rehabilitation patients.

Epilepsy research·2025
Same journal

Resolution of expression of concern-Serotonergic pathology and disease burden in the premotor and motor phase of A53T α-synuclein parkinsonism: a cross-sectional study.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same journal

UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology: 75 years of innovation.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same journal

Correction to Lancet Neurol 2026; 25: 631.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same journal

Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: from associations to mechanisms to potential therapies.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same journal

Correction to Lancet Neurol 2025; 24: 740-52.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same journal

Correction to Lancet Neurol 2026; 25: 357-67.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
06:36

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

B cells and multiple sclerosis.

Diego Franciotta1, Marco Salvetti, Francesco Lolli

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS Neurological Institute C Mondino, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy. diego.franciotta@mondino.it

The Lancet. Neurology
|August 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves B cell aggregation in the brain, potentially linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Targeting these B cells may offer new therapeutic strategies for MS and other autoimmune diseases.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
06:36

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Immunopathology

Background:

  • B cell clonal expansion and IgG production in the central nervous system (CNS) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suggest immune involvement and a potential infectious trigger.
  • Intrathecal antibody production in MS is increasingly understood, highlighting B cells as potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
  • B cells form ectopic lymphoid structures in MS, similar to rheumatoid arthritis, often near the pial membrane and associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of B cells and antibody synthesis in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To investigate the significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells within meningeal follicles and CNS lesions in MS.
  • To examine the potential of targeting B cells as a therapeutic strategy for MS and other autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of B cell aggregation and lymphoid-like structures in the MS brain.
  • Investigation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) presence in B cells within the CNS.
  • Review of existing literature on intrathecal antibody production and B cell functions in MS.

Main Results:

  • B cells aggregate into ectopic follicles in the MS brain, particularly within the meninges.
  • Accumulation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells observed in these follicles and white matter lesions.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for EBV-infected B cells in sustained B and T cell activation in MS.

Conclusions:

  • B cell-mediated processes, including those involving EBV-infected cells and tertiary lymphoid tissues, are critical areas for further MS research.
  • Understanding these B cell mechanisms could lead to novel therapeutic approaches beyond the traditional antimyelin antibody focus.
  • Targeting B cells and ectopic lymphoid structures presents a promising avenue for treating MS and related autoimmune diseases.