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reCAPTCHA: human-based character recognition via Web security measures.

Luis von Ahn1, Benjamin Maurer, Colin McMillen

  • 1Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. biglou@cs.cmu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 16, 2008
PubMed
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Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHAs) can now digitize old books. This method accurately transcribes unrecognized text, matching professional human standards and processing millions of words.

Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Digital Humanities
  • Information Security

Background:

  • CAPTCHAs are security measures preventing automated abuse of online services by requiring human-performed tasks.
  • Traditional CAPTCHAs involve deciphering distorted characters, a task computers struggle with.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if human effort in solving CAPTCHAs can be repurposed for useful tasks.
  • To digitize difficult-to-OCR (Optical Character Recognition) scanned text from historical documents.

Main Methods:

  • Users were presented with scanned words from old books that OCR software could not recognize.
  • The system collected human-generated transcriptions of these words to build a dataset.

Main Results:

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  • The method achieved a word accuracy exceeding 99% in transcribing text.
  • This accuracy level is comparable to that of professional human transcribers.
  • The system is implemented on over 40,000 websites, having transcribed more than 440 million words.

Conclusions:

  • Human-powered CAPTCHA systems can effectively digitize legacy printed materials.
  • This approach offers a scalable and accurate solution for text digitization challenges.
  • The dual purpose of security and data creation presents a novel application for CAPTCHA technology.