Migraine with and without aura and risk for cardiovascular disease

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Cardiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Migraine, cardiovascular disease, and stroke are prevalent, disabling conditions with significant socioeconomic impact.
• The association between migraine and increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction is debated.
• Potential mechanisms include vasculopathies, hypercoagulable states, and patent foramen ovale in migraine with aura.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the association between migraine and cardiovascular events.
• To explore risk factors and potential mechanisms linking migraine to stroke and myocardial infarction.
• To review current recommendations for managing cardiovascular risk in migraineurs.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing epidemiological studies and clinical evidence.
• Analysis of risk factors including migraine aura, frequency, smoking, and oral contraceptive use.
• Evaluation of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Migraine, especially with aura, is associated with a twofold increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction in both women and men.
• Risk is compounded by increased migraine frequency, smoking, and oral contraceptive use.
• Overall risk remains relatively low in the general migraine population.

Conclusions:

• Cardiovascular risk factors should be modified in individuals with migraine, particularly those with aura.
• Smoking cessation and avoidance of oral contraceptive pills are recommended, especially for women with migraine with aura.
• Further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted to refine preventative strategies.