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Related Concept Videos

Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire...
Microbial Phylogeny01:28

Microbial Phylogeny

Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
15:07

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

IgTree: creating Immunoglobulin variable region gene lineage trees.

Michal Barak1, Neta S Zuckerman, Hanna Edelman

  • 1The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.

Journal of Immunological Methods
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces IgTree, a novel algorithm for generating cell lineage trees from immunoglobulin gene sequences. This tool aids in understanding B cell affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation processes.

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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell lineage trees are crucial for studying cellular microevolution.
  • B cell affinity maturation involves immunoglobulin gene hypermutation and selection.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture the complexities of these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement an algorithm for generating lineage trees from immunoglobulin variable region gene sequences.
  • To create a program, IgTree, that visualizes cellular evolutionary pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel algorithm to construct lineage trees from sequence data.
  • Implemented the algorithm in the IgTree program.
  • The program assigns experimental sequences to tree nodes and identifies mutations (point mutations, insertions, deletions).

Main Results:

  • IgTree successfully generates lineage trees from immunoglobulin gene sequences.
  • The program handles gaps and identifies potential reversion mutations.
  • IgTree enumerates mutation frequencies and sequence motifs per tree.

Conclusions:

  • The IgTree program provides a valuable tool for analyzing B cell microevolution.
  • The algorithm aids in understanding somatic hypermutation and selection dynamics.
  • This approach has demonstrated utility in multiple studies of immunoglobulin gene mutations.