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Measurements of Strain

Measurements of Strain

Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain gauge...

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...

Strain and Elastic Modulus

Strain and Elastic Modulus

The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Published on: September 1, 2016

Flexible piezotronic strain sensor.

Jun Zhou¹, Yudong Gu, Peng Fei

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

|August 19, 2008

Summary

This study presents a novel strain sensor using zinc oxide piezoelectric fine-wires (PFWs). The sensor achieves a high gauge factor of 1250, outperforming carbon nanotubes for precise strain detection.

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Published on: January 30, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrical Engineering

Background:

Individual zinc oxide piezoelectric fine-wires (PFWs) offer potential for sensitive strain sensing.
Existing strain sensors face limitations in sensitivity and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, reliable, and cost-effective strain sensor utilizing individual ZnO PFWs.
To investigate the electromechanical properties and strain sensitivity of the fabricated sensor.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a strain sensor device using a single ZnO PFW on a flexible polystyrene substrate.
Integration of Schottky contacts with different barrier heights at the PFW ends.
Characterization of the sensor's current-voltage (I-V) behavior under applied strain.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a highly strain-sensitive I-V characteristic attributed to changes in Schottky barrier height (SBH).
Achieved a maximum gauge factor of 1250, exceeding that of carbon nanotube-based sensors.
Validated experimental data using the thermionic emission-diffusion model.

Conclusions:

The developed ZnO PFW strain sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and performance.
The sensor's mechanism relies on strain-induced changes in SBH due to piezoelectric effects.
Potential applications include biomedical sciences, MEMS, and structural health monitoring.