Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?01:17

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null hypothesis and 'fail to...
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.The Theory of Natural...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...
The Stanford Prison Experiment03:20

The Stanford Prison Experiment

The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High Genetic Diversity With Weak Phylogeographic Structure of the Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> (Poaceae) in China.

Frontiers in plant science·2019
Same author

Specificity and seasonal prevalence of anther smut disease Microbotryum on sympatric Himalayan Silene species.

Journal of evolutionary biology·2019
Same author

PLANTING DENSITY INFLUENCES THE EXPRESSION OF GENETIC VARIATION IN SEED MASS IN WILD RADISH (RAPHANUS SATIVUS L.: BRASSICACEAE).

American journal of botany·2018
Same author

INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN HYDROPHYLLUM APPENDICULATUM: ROLE OF MATERNAL EFFECTS, CROWDING, AND PARENTAL MATING HISTORY.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2017
Same author

The genetics and ecology of seed size variation in a biennial plant, Hydrophyllum appendiculatum (Hydrophyllaceae).

Oecologia·2017
Same author

Stigma receptivity over the lifetime of the hermaphroditic flower of Elsholtzia rugulosa was negatively correlated with pollen viability.

Plant signaling & behavior·2016
Same journal

Traffic Reduction during COVID-19 Lockdowns Benefited Species Already Tolerant of Noise Pollution: An Acoustic Analysis.

The American naturalist·2026
Same journal

On Pachycephalosaurs, Trade-Offs, and the Historical Genesis of Sociosexual Display Structures.

The American naturalist·2026
Same journal

Structured Landscapes Promote Persistence by Favoring Prudent Predators.

The American naturalist·2026
Same journal

Can Carbon Economy Explain Leaf Dynamic Seasonality in a Tropical Seasonal Rainforest?

The American naturalist·2026
Same journal

Behavior and Physiology Outpace Form When Linking Traits to Ecological Responses within Populations: A Meta-Analysis.

The American naturalist·2026
Same journal

Seminal Fluid Proteins as Regulation Factors for Optimizing Reproduction: A Modeling Approach.

The American naturalist·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Why alien invaders succeed: support for the escape-from-enemy hypothesis.

Lorne M Wolfe1

  • 1Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA.

The American Naturalist
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The invasive plant Silene latifolia experiences less damage from natural enemies in North America than in its native Europe. This escape from specialist enemies helps explain its successful invasion and spread across the continent.

More Related Videos

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice
05:49

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

Published on: July 21, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice
05:49

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

Published on: July 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Plant-Enemy Interactions

Background:

  • Biological invaders often thrive in new regions due to the absence of native natural enemies.
  • The escape-from-enemy hypothesis suggests reduced predation, competition, and disease contribute to invasion success.
  • Silene latifolia, a European perennial, is a widespread invasive weed in North America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the escape-from-enemy hypothesis for the invasive plant Silene latifolia.
  • To compare enemy attack levels and plant damage between native (Europe) and introduced (North America) ranges.
  • To determine the role of enemy release in S. latifolia's successful North American invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted surveys of 86 Silene latifolia populations across the United States and Europe.
  • Assessed levels of attack by generalist enemies (aphids, snails, floral herbivores) and specialist enemies (seed predator, anther smut fungus).
  • Quantified overall plant damage in both native and introduced ranges.

Main Results:

  • Silene latifolia populations in Europe experienced significantly higher levels of attack by generalist enemies compared to North America.
  • Specialist enemies, including a seed predator and anther smut fungus, were largely absent or rare in North America but impactful in Europe.
  • Plants in Europe were 17 times more likely to be damaged than plants in North America.

Conclusions:

  • The successful invasion of Silene latifolia in North America is partly attributed to its escape from specialist enemies.
  • Reduced enemy pressure and lower overall damage in the introduced range contribute to the plant's enhanced performance.
  • Enemy release plays a significant role in the establishment and spread of invasive plant species.