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Related Concept Videos

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Enamine Formation Mechanism01:14

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Enamine Formation Mechanism

Enamine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a secondary amine through a series of reactions. The mechanism begins with the generation of carbinolamine, a nucleophilic attack followed by several proton transfer reactions. The hydroxyl group of the carbinolamine is converted into water to make a better leaving group that can push the reaction forward by eliminating a water molecule. In enamine formation, the last step involves the abstraction of a proton from the α carbon to...

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Isolation of Labile Multi-protein Complexes by in vivo Controlled Cellular Cross-Linking and Immuno-magnetic Affinity Chromatography
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Evidences for complex formation between L-dabPNA and aegPNA.

Giovanni N Roviello1, Domenica Musumeci, Enrico M Bucci

  • 1Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel homoadenine hexamer using a l-diaminobutyric acid (l-DABA) backbone, creating a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analog. This PNA analog successfully binds to a complementary PNA, forming a stable left-handed triplex structure.

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Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Nucleopeptides are explored as oligonucleotide (ODN) analogs for advanced biomedical and bioengineering applications.
  • Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) offer unique structural and binding properties for nucleic acid research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel homoadenine hexamer based on a l-diaminobutyric acid (l-DABA) backbone, termed dabPNA.
  • To investigate the binding interactions of the synthesized dabPNA with a complementary aegPNA.
  • To characterize the structural and thermal properties of the resulting complex.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a homoadenine hexamer using a l-diaminobutyric acid (l-DABA) backbone (dabPNA).
  • Chemical-physical characterization of the synthesized dabPNA.
  • Binding studies of dabPNA with a complementary aegPNA.
  • Circular Dichroism (CD) and UV spectroscopy were employed to analyze binding and complex formation.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of the l-dabPNA homoadenine hexamer.
  • Demonstrated binding between the l-dabPNA and the complementary aegPNA.
  • Formation of a stable complex identified as a left-handed triplex structure.
  • CD and UV experiments confirmed the formation and good thermal stability of the triplex.

Conclusions:

  • The novel l-DABA-based PNA (dabPNA) is a viable analog for ODN applications.
  • The dabPNA effectively binds complementary PNA, forming a stable left-handed triplex.
  • This research expands the toolkit for nucleopeptide-based research in biomedical and bioengineering fields.