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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
12:46

Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells

Published on: August 17, 2022

Recurrent pericarditis: infectious or autoimmune?

Antonio Brucato1, Silvia Maestroni, Davide Cumetti

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. albrucato@ospedaliriuniti.bergamo.it

Autoimmunity Reviews
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP) has controversial causes but often involves immune pathways. Colchicine significantly reduces recurrences, and long-term outcomes for IRAP are generally good.

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An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
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Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
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An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
07:15

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

Published on: September 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP) etiology is debated, potentially involving infectious, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory mechanisms.
  • While viruses (Echo-virus, Coxsackie) and bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Coxiella burnetii) can cause acute pericarditis, 85% of cases are idiopathic.
  • Recurrences affect 20-50% of patients, suggesting an immune-mediated pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the controversial etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP).
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies for managing IRAP, including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and colchicine.
  • To evaluate the long-term prognosis of IRAP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis.
  • Analysis of proposed etiological factors, including infectious and autoimmune triggers.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes and long-term follow-up data.

Main Results:

  • Immune-mediated pathogenesis is supported by pro-inflammatory cytokines, antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), and response to immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are first-line treatment until symptom and inflammatory marker normalization.
  • Colchicine demonstrated a significant 50% reduction in recurrences, with corticosteroids used sparingly at low doses.

Conclusions:

  • IRAP pathogenesis likely involves immune system dysregulation.
  • Effective management includes NSAIDs, cautious corticosteroid use, and colchicine for recurrence prevention.
  • Long-term outcomes for IRAP are favorable, with no evidence of constrictive pericarditis.