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Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Sec61 protein conducting channel
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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
09:43

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: October 31, 2013

DNA translocation governed by interactions with solid-state nanopores.

Meni Wanunu1, Jason Sutin, Ben McNally

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Biophysical Journal
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

DNA translocation through nanopores is slowed by DNA/pore interactions, enabling higher resolution for applications like DNA sequencing. Smaller pores significantly increase translocation times and show strong temperature dependence.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
09:43

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Published on: October 31, 2013

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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
11:55

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopores offer potential for DNA analysis.
  • Understanding DNA translocation dynamics is crucial for nanopore applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate voltage-driven DNA translocation through small nanopores (2.7-5 nm).
  • Determine the influence of pore size, voltage, and temperature on DNA dynamics.
  • Characterize DNA/pore interactions and their impact on translocation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental studies of individual DNA molecule translocation.
  • Varying nanopore diameter, applied voltage, and temperature.
  • Analysis of translocation times and ion current blockade.

Main Results:

  • Translocation times increase significantly with decreasing pore diameter (5 to 2.7 nm).
  • Steep temperature dependence suggests interaction-dominated dynamics, not viscous drag.
  • Mean translocation times exhibit power-law scaling with DNA length (exponents 1.40 and 2.28).
  • Ion current blockade transitions from length-independent to length-dependent for longer DNA molecules.
  • Increased DNA length correlates with additional interactions slowing dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • DNA/pore interactions are the primary drivers of translocation dynamics in small nanopores.
  • These interactions enhance translocation rate and temporal resolution.
  • Findings are relevant for advancing nanopore-based DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies.