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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
10:12

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

Flocculated amorphous nanoparticles for highly supersaturated solutions.

Michal E Matteucci1, Joseph C Paguio, Maria A Miller

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station CO400, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

Pharmaceutical Research
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Salt flocculation efficiently recovers amorphous nanoparticles from aqueous dispersions. These nanoparticles redisperse and dissolve rapidly, achieving high supersaturation levels for improved drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer-stabilized amorphous nanoparticles are crucial for drug delivery.
  • Efficient recovery and redispersion methods are needed to maintain nanoparticle properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient salt flocculation method for recovering amorphous nanoparticles.
  • To demonstrate rapid redispersion and dissolution of these nanoparticles to achieve supersaturated solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Amorphous itraconazole nanoparticles were prepared via antisolvent precipitation.
  • Salt flocculation using sodium sulfate, filtration, and drying were employed for recovery.
  • Particle size, crystallinity, and morphology were analyzed after redispersion.

Main Results:

  • Salt flocculation yielded drug loading up to 90% with preserved amorphous state.
  • Open flocs facilitated redispersion to original particle size (~300 nm).
  • Dissolution achieved supersaturation levels up to 14 in pH 6.8 media.

Conclusions:

  • Salt flocculation is an effective method for producing high-yield amorphous nanoparticle powders.
  • These nanoparticles exhibit rapid de-aggregation and dissolution, leading to high supersaturation.
  • This method offers advantages over spray drying and rapid freezing for maintaining amorphous properties.