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Household density among undocumented Mexican immigrants in New York City
Katherine Standish1, Vijay Nandi, Danielle C Ompad
1Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA. kstandish@nyam.org
Background:
High household density increases exposure to communicable diseases, psychological distress in adults, and poor long-term health in children. High residential density, which may be a mediator of poor health, is common among immigrants.
Methods:
We used data from a pilot survey among Mexican immigrants in New York City. Respondents were recruited through venue-based sampling in neighborhoods with large Mexican populations.
Results:
Among respondents that reported being undocumented (N = 404), the mean number of people per room (PPR) of residence was 2.2. In multivariate analyses, living in conditions of >2 PPR was positively associated with living with one's children (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4-3.9), having experienced food insecurity in the past 6 months (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1-3.6), and language discrimination (OR = 2.3 compared to other forms of discrimination, 95% CI = 1.2-4.4).
Conclusions:
Undocumented Mexican immigrants, particularly those who are linguistically marginalized and experience food insufficiency, live in conditions of marked household density in NYC.
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