Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis: clinical report and immunohistochemical analysis

Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis is an uncommon non-neoplastic process with destruction of tissue and replacement by striking cellular infiltration of foamy macrophages, dense lymphocytes and plasma cells. We report on a 72-year-old man with a clinical history of inadequately treated arterial hypertension, who presented with a right scrotal mass associated with right scrotal pain for 10 days. Physical examination revealed pyogenic discharge from the hyperemic and edematous scrotum, with normal body temperature. Testicular tumor markers were normal. Ultrasonography (US) of the right testis showed edematous scrotal layers and a heterogeneous area of poorly defined margins within the testis and epididymis. There was minimal hydrocele, and the right funiculus was of normal diameter with no edema or pathologic formation. The progression of clinical findings, inflammatory parameters, US and color Doppler US findings with negative testicular tumor markers indicated surgical treatment. After preoperative treatment, right orchiepididymectomy was performed. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous epididymitis.