Stress perception and commuting
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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature
Published on: June 19, 2019
Georg Gottholmseder1, Klaus Nowotny, Gerald J Pruckner
1Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the determinants of the perceived stress level of workers with a special focus on the effects of commuting, while controlling for personal and work-related characteristics. Using ordered logistic regression we find that several dimensions of the commuting situation, such as impedance, control and predictability of commuting, significantly influence the perceived stress level. Therefore, stress and stress-related health problems should be taken into consideration when analyzing the economic costs of commuting.
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