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Psychogenic movement disorders in children.

Joseph Ferrara¹, Joseph Jankovic

¹Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society

|August 19, 2008

Summary

Childhood psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs) are often disabling, unlike previously thought. This study highlights their significant impact on children, including functional impairment and unnecessary medical interventions.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Pediatrics
Psychiatry

Background:

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs) are recognized in adults but less studied in children.
Limited data exists on the characteristics and impact of childhood-onset PMDs.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize childhood-onset PMDs.
To assess the clinical presentation, triggers, and outcomes of pediatric PMDs.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of medical records for children diagnosed with PMDs since 1988.
Analysis of patient demographics, symptom onset, phenotypes, triggers, and associated morbidity.

Main Results:

Identified 54 pediatric PMD cases (3.1% of pediatric movement disorders).
Mean onset age 14.2 years; common phenotypes include tremor, dystonia, myoclonus.
PMDs often had abrupt onset, triggered by trauma, and affected females more (except <13 years).
Significant morbidity observed: prolonged school absence and unnecessary surgeries in over 20%.

Conclusions:

Childhood-onset PMDs present similarly to adult forms but with significant, often underestimated, morbidity.
These disorders cause marked disability, school absenteeism, and can lead to invasive procedures.
Further research and awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and management of pediatric PMDs.