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Immunotherapy with nonviable microbial components.

E Ribi, K C Milner, D L Granger

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The microbial component P3, a trehalose mycolate, is essential for the immunopotentiating activity of mycobacteria. P3 enhances the antitumor effects of various microbial products, suggesting broad applicability in cancer immunotherapy.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Structural components of microorganisms are investigated for their immunopotentiating effects.
    • Transplantable tumors in syngeneic guinea pigs serve as a model system.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the immunopotentiating and antitumor effects of microbial components.
    • To identify key components responsible for these effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Microbial components were suspended in oil droplets and injected intralesionally into tumor-bearing guinea pigs.
    • Lipid extraction was performed on cell walls, and specific components were isolated and tested.

    Main Results:

    • BCG cell walls and viable BCG induced regression and cure in 50-60% of tumors.

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  • Lipid extraction reduced cell wall potency, but P3 (a trehalose mycolate) restored activity.
  • P3 alone had no antitumor activity but significantly enhanced the efficacy of various microbial products, including cell walls from different mycobacteria species and E. coli, and Salmonella endotoxins, achieving cure rates up to 93%.

    • Conclusions:

    • P3 is crucial for the immunopotentiating activity of mycobacterial cell walls.
    • P3 demonstrates broad applicability in enhancing the antitumor efficacy of diverse microbial agents for cancer immunotherapy.