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Related Concept Videos

Tension01:10

Tension

Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a direction parallel to...
Tension01:10

Tension

Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a direction parallel to...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

[Tension-type headaches].

Zlatko Trkanjec1, Anka Aleksić-Shihabi

  • 1Klinika za neurologiju, Referentni centar za neurovaskularne poremećaje Ministarstva zdravstva i socijalne skrbi RH, Klinicka bolnica Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Hrvatska.

Acta Medica Croatica : Casopis Hravatske Akademije Medicinskih Znanosti
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Tension-type headaches are common and varied, presenting as mild to moderate bilateral pain. Treatment involves both medication and non-pharmacological approaches like physical therapy and acupuncture.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine

Context:

  • Tension-type headache (TTH) is a prevalent primary headache disorder.
  • TTH is characterized by its heterogeneous nature, often presenting as a dull, pressing, or tightening sensation.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of tension-type headache (TTH).
  • To discuss the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for TTH.

Summary:

  • TTH can be episodic or chronic, typically bilateral, mild to moderate, and non-pulsating, without associated nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia.
  • Psychological factors and nitric oxide's role in central sensitization are implicated in chronic TTH.
  • Differential diagnosis requires excluding other headache types and underlying conditions. Treatment encompasses pharmacological (analgesics, antidepressants) and non-pharmacological methods (physical therapy, acupuncture, behavioral therapy).

Impact:

  • Highlights the importance of considering psychological factors and central sensitization in TTH.
  • Emphasizes a multimodal treatment approach for effective TTH management.
  • Suggests emerging therapies like botulinum toxin and acupuncture for TTH treatment and prevention.