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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares often...

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Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
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Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

The snoring child.

Iris Ambrosio Perez1, Sally L Davidson Ward

  • 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 90027-6062, USA.

Pediatric Annals
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Snoring in children can indicate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition with serious health risks. Early identification and treatment of pediatric OSA are crucial for preventing long-term complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Snoring is a common sign of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, a spectrum of sleep-related breathing disorders.
  • Primary snoring in children may precede the development of OSA, necessitating ongoing symptom assessment.
  • OSA can lead to significant cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of obstructive sleep apnea in children.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing OSA symptoms in pediatric primary snoring patients.
  • To discuss treatment strategies and associated risks for pediatric OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
  • Discussion of diagnostic standards, including polysomnography.
  • Overview of surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the primary cause of pediatric OSA, with obesity as a growing factor.
  • Polysomnography is the gold standard for OSA diagnosis and surgical risk assessment.
  • Most pediatric OSA cases are treatable with adenotonsillectomy, but some require intensive care.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and management of pediatric OSA are vital to mitigate health consequences.
  • Treatment options include adenotonsillectomy, other surgical interventions, and positive airway pressure (PAP).
  • Obesity-related OSA in children often necessitates continuous or bi-level positive airway pressure (CPAP/BPAP).