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Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

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Gastrulation01:56

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
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Sonic Hedgehog mediator Gli2 regulates bladder mesenchymal patterning.

Wei Cheng1, Chung-Kwong Yeung, Yuen-Keng Ng

  • 1Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. wei.cheng3@gmail.com

The Journal of Urology
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, specifically the Gli2 transcription factor, is crucial for bladder development. Gli2 regulates bladder mesenchyme patterning by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation, impacting congenital bladder anomalies.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Urology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Congenital bladder anomalies pose significant challenges in pediatric urology.
  • Understanding bladder development mechanisms is key to improving patient treatments.
  • Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is implicated as an epithelial signal in bladder development, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulation of bladder mesenchymal development.
  • To elucidate the role of Shh signaling in bladder mesenchyme patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Mutation analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and in situ hybridization were employed.
  • Primary cell culture and transfection techniques were utilized.
  • Bladder mesenchyme was spatially defined into inner and outer zones relative to the epithelium.

Main Results:

  • Gli2 and its target Bmp4 were expressed in the inner mesenchymal zone, correlating with cell proliferation.
  • Gli2 deficiency led to loss of Bmp4 expression and ectopic smooth muscle formation in the inner zone.
  • Bmp4 inhibited smooth muscle differentiation, an effect partially reversed by Noggin.

Conclusions:

  • The Shh transcriptional factor Gli2 plays a critical role in regulating the radial patterning of bladder mesenchyme.
  • This finding provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying bladder development and congenital anomalies.