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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Multiple sclerosis: could it be an epigenetic disease?

Murat Kürtüncü1, Erdem Tüzün

  • 1Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey.

Medical Hypotheses
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease. Epigenetic factors, which alter gene expression without changing DNA, are increasingly implicated in MS development and severity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.
  • MS is considered a multifactorial and multigenic disorder, but traditional genetic studies have yielded limited repeatable findings beyond the HLA locus.
  • Conventional genomic screening methods, such as PCR-based approaches, are limited to detecting DNA sequence variations and may miss other crucial disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
  • To investigate how epigenetic modifications may influence the induction and clinical severity of MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings on epigenetic modifications in multifactorial diseases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

  • Analysis of how epigenetic factors modulate biological processes relevant to MS.

    • Main Results:

    • Epigenetics, defined as heritable transcriptional changes without DNA sequence alteration, is emerging as a significant factor in multifactorial diseases.
    • Epigenetic modifications are hypothesized to play a role in MS induction and clinical severity.
    • These modifications may impact processes including X chromosome inactivation, viral infections, myelin protein production, and Th1 immune responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Traditional genetic approaches have not fully elucidated the causes of MS.
    • Epigenetic mechanisms represent a promising area of research for understanding MS pathogenesis.
    • Further investigation into epigenetic factors is crucial for understanding and potentially treating MS.