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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Radionuclide-fluorescence Reporter Gene Imaging to Track Tumor Progression in Rodent Tumor Models
10:04

Radionuclide-fluorescence Reporter Gene Imaging to Track Tumor Progression in Rodent Tumor Models

Published on: March 13, 2018

New technologies for human cancer imaging.

John V Frangioni1

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Rm SL-B05, Boston, MA 02215, USA. jfrangio@bidmc.harvard.edu

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Improving cancer imaging requires a 1000-fold increase in tumor-to-background ratio. New technologies in radiology, like advanced MRI and PET scans, show promise for better cancer detection and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Current diagnostic radiology techniques have limitations in detecting and imaging human cancers effectively.
  • Significant advancements are needed to improve the tumor-to-background ratio by 1000- to 10,000-fold for meaningful clinical impact.
  • Enhanced sensitivity and contrast agent targeting are crucial for improving cancer visualization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the physics and chemistry principles of cancer imaging.
  • To review current contrast agents and radiotracers used in cancer detection.
  • To discuss the limitations of existing imaging modalities and explore emerging technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental principles in detecting malignant cells.

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Murine Model for Non-invasive Imaging to Detect and Monitor Ovarian Cancer Recurrence
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Murine Model for Non-invasive Imaging to Detect and Monitor Ovarian Cancer Recurrence

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  • Analysis of various contrast agents and radiotracers.
  • Evaluation of current imaging techniques including ultrasound, x-ray, MRI, SPECT, PET, and optical imaging.
  • Exploration of innovative technologies for cancer screening, staging, and treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Existing imaging methods face challenges in achieving the necessary sensitivity and contrast for early cancer detection.
    • Emerging technologies such as hyperpolarization MRI, time-of-flight PET, and ion beam-induced PET scanning offer significant potential.
    • Novel approaches like positron emission mammography and spectroscopy-enhanced colonoscopy are being developed for cancer screening.
    • Advanced techniques for staging and treatment guidance, including near-infrared fluorescence-guided surgery, are also highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • Substantial improvements in tumor-to-background ratio are essential for advancing cancer diagnosis and management.
    • Emerging imaging technologies hold great promise for enhancing cancer screening, staging, and treatment efficacy.
    • Further research and development are needed to overcome current limitations, particularly for difficult-to-image cancers like ovarian cancer and acute leukemia.