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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is important. 

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care
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Photonic textiles for pulse oximetry.

Markus Rothmaier1, Bärbel Selm, Sonja Spichtig

  • 1Empa, Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. markus.rothmaier@empa.ch

Optics Express
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel textile-based pulse oximeter for continuous health monitoring. The wearable sensor, using optical fibers in fabric, accurately measures physiological parameters like arterial oxygen saturation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Textile Science
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Continuous physiological monitoring is crucial for daily health management.
  • Integrating biomedical sensors into textiles offers a promising approach for unobtrusive health tracking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a textile-based pulse oximeter for monitoring physiological parameters.
  • To assess the feasibility of using integrated optical fibers in fabrics for pulse oximetry.

Main Methods:

  • Developed textile sensors by integrating plastic optical fibers into fabrics via embroidery and mechanical alteration.
  • Employed a two-wavelength (690 and 830 nm) approach for pulse wave acquisition and arterial oxygen saturation calculation.
  • Tested signal quality and movement artifacts using fabricated specimens and a cotton glove prototype.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of textile-based pulse oximetry with sufficient data quality.
  • Showcased the potential of integrated optical fibers for accurate physiological monitoring.
  • Identified textile-based oximetry as a promising technology for wearable health devices.

Conclusions:

  • Textile integration of optical fibers enables effective pulse oximetry.
  • Wearable sensors offer a viable solution for continuous, non-invasive health monitoring.
  • This technology holds significant potential for the future of personalized healthcare.