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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original signal...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Terahertz spectrum analyzer based on a terahertz frequency comb.

Shuko Yokoyama1, Ryotaro Nakamura, Masaki Nose

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.

Optics Express
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new terahertz (THz) spectrum analyzer precisely measures THz wave frequencies. This advancement addresses immature measurement techniques, enabling accurate frequency metrology in the THz spectral region.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Metrology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Precise frequency measurements are crucial for terahertz (THz) metrology.
  • Current THz frequency measurement techniques are underdeveloped.
  • Establishing accurate metrology in the THz spectral region is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a novel THz spectrum analyzer.
  • To enable absolute frequency and spectral shape measurements of continuous-wave THz waves.
  • To advance the field of THz frequency metrology.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a THz spectrum analyzer.
  • Utilizing a stable frequency comb generated in a photoconductive antenna.
  • Measurement of a sub-THz test source for absolute frequency determination.

Main Results:

  • Achieved absolute frequency measurement of a sub-THz source with a precision of 2.8 x 10(-11).
  • Demonstrated an extended spectral bandwidth capability exceeding 1 THz.
  • Successfully measured a THz test source, validating the analyzer's performance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed THz spectrum analyzer is a promising tool for THz frequency metrology.
  • The system offers high precision and broad bandwidth for THz wave analysis.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly improve THz measurement capabilities.