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Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 14, 2021

The parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome.

Edward J Newman¹, Donald G Grosset, Peter G E Kennedy

¹Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.

Neurocritical Care

|August 21, 2008

Summary

Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome (PHS) is a rare, fatal complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) triggered by medication changes. Early recognition and management of PHS are crucial for improving patient outcomes and preventing severe sequelae.

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Published on: September 12, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 14, 2021

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome (PHS) is a rare but life-threatening complication in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
PHS often arises after a reduction or discontinuation of antiparkinsonian medications.

Observation:

Clinically, PHS mimics neuroleptic malignant syndrome, presenting with rigidity, high fever (pyrexia), and altered consciousness.
Autonomic instability and elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels can be observed in PHS patients.

Findings:

Potential complications of PHS include acute renal failure, aspiration pneumonia, deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Mortality associated with PHS is up to 4%, with one-third of survivors experiencing permanent neurological deficits.

Implications:

Prompt diagnosis and intervention, including dopaminergic drug replacement and supportive care, are essential for managing PHS.
Healthcare providers and patients must be educated about the risks of abrupt medication withdrawal in PD patients to prevent PHS.
PHS should be a primary consideration in any patient with parkinsonism experiencing acute symptom exacerbation.