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Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

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Published on: March 8, 2018

Cognitive memory control in borderline personality disorder patients.

M Sala1, E Caverzasi, E Marraffini

  • 1Department of Physiological, Pharmacological and Cellular Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. michelasalacap@yahoo.it

Psychological Medicine
|August 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) impairs memory control, particularly the ability to recall and suppress unwanted memories. This memory deficit may contribute to dissociative symptoms in BPD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive memory control relies on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortices.
  • Structural and functional abnormalities in these regions are observed in borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of BPD on the memory control mechanism.
  • To examine the effects of suppression and retrieval on memory retention in BPD.

Main Methods:

  • A think/no-think paradigm was used with 19 BPD patients and 19 healthy controls (HC).
  • Participants learned word pairs and then attempted to remember or suppress them.
  • Memory retrieval was assessed using Same Probe Test (SPT) and Independent Probe Test (IPT).

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls showed improved memory retrieval for intended words, unlike BPD patients.
  • HC recalled more remembered words (RW) than suppressed words (SW) on SPT; BPD patients did not.
  • BPD patients without childhood abuse history showed intact suppression effects, similar to HC.

Conclusions:

  • Active memory retrieval and improvement through repetition are impaired in BPD.
  • This impairment may lead to unwanted memories and dissociative symptoms, especially in those with trauma history.