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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

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Related Experiment Videos

Eculizumab.

Jennifer Davis1

  • 1University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|August 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eculizumab is the first FDA-approved treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), effectively reducing hemolysis and improving patient symptoms by inhibiting the complement cascade. Vaccination against meningococcal infection is recommended before starting therapy.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired blood disorder.
  • PNH is characterized by complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis, thrombosis, and bone marrow failure.
  • Current treatment options for PNH have been limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, indications, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage of eculizumab.
  • To highlight eculizumab as a novel therapeutic agent for PNH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on eculizumab.
  • Analysis of data from clinical trials evaluating eculizumab in PNH patients.
  • Assessment of safety and efficacy profiles.

Main Results:

  • Eculizumab inhibits the complement cascade by binding to complement protein C5.
  • Clinical studies show eculizumab reduces serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, indicating decreased hemolysis.
  • Eculizumab treatment improves PNH symptoms, including reduced paroxysms, dysphagia, and abdominal pain.

Conclusions:

  • Eculizumab is the first FDA-approved therapy for PNH, representing a significant advancement.
  • Eculizumab demonstrates a favorable safety and efficacy profile in treating PNH.
  • Patients treated with eculizumab require vaccination against meningococcal infection due to increased risk.