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Morphogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in primary chick kidney cells
Abstract:
Primary chick kidney cells were infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and examined by electron microscopy. Virus particles entered the cells by viropexis and distinction could be made between engulfment by cell processes (phagocytosis) and entry by micropinocytosis in coated transport vesicles. Virus maturation occurred by budding into either the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasmic vacuoles, and evidence was obtained to suggest that the viral surface projections could be attached during the budding process. Late in infection large numbers of virus particles were present, mainly in cytoplasmic vacuoles, and the majority were released by cell lysis. Release by fusion of vacuoles with the plasma membrane was also observed, and individual virions could be transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the surface within coated vesicles.
Insights
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infects chick kidney cells through viropexis, maturing via budding into cellular compartments. Virus release occurs through cell lysis or vacuole fusion with the plasma membrane.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Virology
- Microscopy
Background:
- Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a significant pathogen affecting poultry.
- Understanding the cellular mechanisms of IBV infection is crucial for disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the cellular entry, maturation, and release mechanisms of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in primary chick kidney cells.
Main Methods:
- Infection of primary chick kidney cells with IBV.
- Examination using high-resolution electron microscopy.
Main Results:
- Virus entry observed via viropexis, including phagocytosis and micropinocytosis.
- Maturation by budding into endoplasmic reticulum cisternae or cytoplasmic vacuoles.
- Virus release through cell lysis or fusion of vacuoles with the plasma membrane.
Conclusions:
- Electron microscopy provides detailed insights into the intracellular lifecycle of IBV.
- Identified distinct pathways for viral entry, intracellular transport, and egress.