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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry
Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
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Low-valent molecular plutonium halide complexes.

Andrew J Gaunt1, Sean D Reilly, Alejandro E Enriquez

  • 1Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. gaunt@lanl.gov

Inorganic Chemistry
|August 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New plutonium bromide and iodide complexes were synthesized, offering versatile synthons for exploring plutonium(III) and plutonium(IV) chemistry in non-aqueous environments. These findings expand the scope of organometallic and solution-phase plutonium research.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Actinide Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Plutonium chemistry research is crucial for nuclear energy and waste management.
  • Developing new synthetic routes for plutonium compounds is essential for understanding its reactivity.
  • Exploration of non-aqueous plutonium chemistry offers unique insights into bonding and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel plutonium complexes using various ligands and reaction conditions.
  • To investigate the reactivity of plutonium metal and its compounds in non-aqueous solvents.
  • To establish new synthetic pathways for exploring plutonium(III) and plutonium(IV) chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of plutonium metal with bromine in tetrahydrofuran (thf).
  • Reaction of plutonium iodide complexes with amines and oxidants.
  • Dissolution of plutonium(IV) carbonate in ethereal solutions.
  • Oxidation of a plutonium amide complex with tellurium tetrachloride.

Main Results:

  • Isolation of PuBr3(thf)4, a new synthon for Pu(III) chemistry.
  • Characterization of an eight-coordinate complex [PuBr2(H2O)6][Br] due to adventitious water.
  • Determination of the crystal structure of PuI3(thf)4, isostructural with UI3(thf)4.
  • Crystallization of a Pu(III) complex [PuI2(thf)4(py)][I3] from attempted plutonyl(VI) synthesis.
  • Formation of a mixed valent (III/IV) complex salt [PuCl2(thf)5][PuCl5(thf)].
  • Synthesis of the Pu(IV) complex Pu[N(SiMe3)2]3Cl as a potential entry route for organometallic chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized plutonium complexes serve as valuable building blocks for further chemical investigations.
  • Non-aqueous conditions are effective for stabilizing various oxidation states of plutonium.
  • New routes for accessing organometallic and tetravalent plutonium chemistry have been established.